Advantech Computer Hardware PCI 1710 User Manual

PCI-1710/1710HG  
Multifunction DAS Card for  
PCI Bus  
User's manual  
 
Contents  
Chapter 1: General Information ............................. 1  
1.1 Introduction ............................................................... 2  
1.2 Features .................................................................... 3  
1.3 Specifications............................................................. 4  
1.4 Block Diagram........................................................... 8  
Chapter 2: Installation.............................................. 9  
2.1 Initial Inspection ....................................................... 10  
2.2 Unpacking ............................................................... 10  
2.3 Installation Instructions ............................................. 11  
Chapter 3: Signal Connections .............................. 13  
3.1 Overview................................................................. 15  
3.2 I/O Connector ......................................................... 15  
3.3 Analog Input Connections ........................................ 19  
3.4 Analog Output Connections ..................................... 23  
3.5 Trigger Source Connections ..................................... 25  
3.6 Field Wiring Considerations...................................... 25  
Chapter 4: Register Structure and Format ......... 27  
4.1 Overview................................................................. 28  
4.2 I/O Port Address Map............................................. 28  
4.3 Channel Number and A/D Data ............................... 33  
4.4 Software A/D Trigger............................................... 33  
4.5 A/D Channel Range Setting ...................................... 34  
4.6 MUX Control .......................................................... 37  
 
4.7 Control Register....................................................... 39  
4.8 Status Register ......................................................... 40  
4.9 Clear Interrupt and FIFO ......................................... 41  
4.10 D/A Channel 0 Output ............................................. 42  
4.11 D/A Channel 1 Output ............................................. 42  
4.12 D/A Reference Control ............................................ 43  
4.13 Digital I/O Registers ................................................. 44  
4.14 Programmable Timer/Counter Registers .................... 44  
Chapter 5: Calibration............................................ 45  
5.1 Introduction ............................................................. 46  
5.2 VRAssignment ........................................................ 46  
5.3 A/D Calibration ....................................................... 47  
5.4 D/A Calibration ....................................................... 48  
5.5 Self A/D Calibration................................................. 49  
Appendix A: 82C54 Counter Chip Functions ...... 51  
A.1 The Intel 82C54 ...................................................... 52  
A.2 Counter Read/Write and Control Registers ............... 53  
A.3 Counter Operating Modes ....................................... 56  
A.4 Counter Operations ................................................. 58  
 
1
General Information  
 
1.1 Introduction  
The PCI-1710/1710HG is a multifunction DAS card for the PCI bus.  
Advanced circuit design brings you higher quality and more func-  
tions, including the five most desired measurement and control  
functions: 12-bit A/D conversion, D/A conversion, digital input,  
digital output, and counter/timer.  
PCI-bus Plug and Play  
The PCI-1710/1710HG uses a PCI controller to interface the card with  
the PCI bus. The controller fully implements the PCI bus specifica-  
tion Rev 2.1. All bus relative configurations, such as base address  
and interrupt assignment, are automatically controlled by software.  
No jumper or DIP switch setting is required for user configuration.  
Flexible Inputs Types and Ranges Setting  
The PCI-1710/1710HG features an automatic channel/gain scanning  
circuit. The circuit, rather than your software, controls multiplexer  
switching during sampling. The on-board SRAM stores different gain  
values and configuration for each channel. This design lets you  
perform multi-channel high-speed sampling (up to 100 kHz) with  
different gains for each channel with free combination of single-ended  
and differential inputs.  
On-board FIFO (First In First Out) Memory  
The PCI-1710/1710HG has an on-board FIFO buffer which can store  
up to 4K A/D samples. The PCI-1710/1710HG generates an interrupt  
when the FIFO is half full. This feature provides continuous high-  
speed data transfer and more predictable performance on Windows  
systems.  
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PCI-1710 /1710HG User's Manual  
 
On-board Programmable Counter  
The PCI-1710/1710HG provides a programmable counter for generat-  
ing a pacer trigger for the A/D conversion. The counter chip is an  
82C54 or equivalent, which includes three 16-bit counters on a 10  
MHz clock. One counter is used as an event counter for counting  
events coming from the input channels. The other two are cascaded  
together to make a 32-bit timer for a pacer trigger.  
1.2 Features  
• 16 single-ended or 8 differential analog inputs, or a combination  
• 12-bit A/D converter, with up to 100 kHz sampling rate  
• Programmable gain for each input channel  
• Automatic channel/gain scanning  
• On-board 4K samples FIFO buffer  
Two 12-bit analog output channels  
16 digital inputs and 16 digital outputs  
• Programmable pacer/counter  
Chapter 1 General Information  
 
3
1.3 Specifications  
Analog Input:  
Channels: 16 single-ended or 8 differential (software programma-  
ble)  
Resolution: 12-bit  
On-board FIFO: 4K samples  
Conversion time: 8 µs  
Input range: (V, software programmable)  
PCI-1710  
PCI-1710HG  
±10, ±5, ±2.5, ±1.25,  
±0.625  
±10, ±5, ±1, ±0.5, ±0.1, ±0.05,  
±0.01, ±0.005  
Bipolar  
0 ~ 10, 0 ~ 5, 0 ~ 2.5,  
0 ~ 1.25  
Unipolar  
0 ~ 10, 0 ~ 1, 0 ~ 0.1, 0 ~ 0.01  
Maximum Input Overvoltage: ±30 V  
Common Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR)  
PCI-1710  
CMRR  
PCI-1710HG  
Gain  
Gain  
0.5, 1  
10  
CMRR  
75dB  
0.5, 1  
75dB  
80dB  
84dB  
84dB  
2
4
8
90dB  
100  
106dB  
106dB  
1000  
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PCI-1710 /1710HG User's Manual  
 
Maximum data throughput:  
PCI-1710: 100 kHz  
PCI-1710HG: (variable, depending on PGIA settling time)  
PCI-1710HG  
Gain  
0.5, 1  
Speed  
100 kHz  
35 kHz  
7 kHz  
5, 10  
50, 100  
500, 1000  
770 Hz  
Accuracy: (depending on gain)  
PCI-1710  
PCI-1710HG  
Accuracy  
Gain  
Accuracy  
Gain  
Remark  
0.01% of  
FSR ±1 LSB  
0.01% of  
FSR ±1 LSB  
0.5, 1  
0.5, 1  
S.E./D*  
0.02% of  
FSR ±1 LSB  
0.02% of  
FSR ±1 LSB  
2
4
8
5, 10  
S.E./D  
0.02% of  
FSR ±1 LSB  
0.04% of  
FSR ±1 LSB  
50, 100  
D
D
0.04% of  
FSR ±1 LSB  
0.08% of  
FSR ±1 LSB  
500, 1000  
*S.E. = Single-ended D = Differential  
Linearity error: ±1 LSB  
Input impedance: 1 GΩ  
Trigger mode: Software, on-board programmable pacer or external  
Chapter 1 General Information  
5
 
Analog Output:  
Channels: 2  
Resolution: 12-bit  
Relative accuracy: ±1/2 LSB  
Gain error: ±1 LSB  
Maximum update rate: 100 K samples/s  
Slew rate: 10V/µs  
Output range: (software programmable)  
With internal reference: 0 ~ +5 V, 0 ~ +10 V  
With external reference: 0 ~ +x V @ -x V (-10 x 10)  
Digital Input:  
Channels: 16  
Input voltage:  
Low: 0.4V max.  
High: 2.4 V min.  
Input load:  
Low: -0.2 mA @ 0.4V  
High: 20 µA @ 2.7 V  
Digital Output:  
Channels: 16  
Output voltage:  
Low: 0.4V max. @ 8.0 mA (sink)  
High: 2.4 V min. @ -0.4 mA (source)  
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PCI-1710 /1710HG User's Manual  
 
Programmable Timer/Counter  
Counter chip: 82C54 or equivalent  
Counters: 3 channels, 16 bits, 2 channels are permanently  
configured as programmable pacers; 1 channel is free  
for user application  
Input, gate: TTL/CMOS compatible  
Time base:  
Channel 1:10 MHz  
Channel 2:Takes input from output of channel 1  
Channel 0:Internal 1 MHz or external clock (10 MHz max.)  
selected by software.  
General:  
I/O Connector: 68-pin SCSI-II female connector  
Power consumption: +5 V @ 850 mA (Typical),  
+5 V @ 1.0 A (Max.)  
Dimensions: 175 mm x 107 mm (6.9” x 4.2”)  
Operating temperature: 0 ~ +60 °C (32 ~ 140 °F) ( refer to IEC 68-  
2-1, 2 )  
Storage temperature: -20 ~ +70 °C (-4 ~ 158 °F)  
Operating humidity: 5 ~ 95%RH non-condensing ( refer to IEC 68-  
2-3 )  
MTBF: over 64,770 hrs @ 25 °C, grounded, fixed environment  
Chapter 1 General Information  
7
 
1.4 Block Diagram  
Address Decoder  
Address Bus  
PCI Controller  
16-bit Digital Output  
Data Bus  
INT  
16-bit Digital Input  
12-bit D/A Output  
12-bit D/A Output  
A/D  
&
D/A Status  
Control Logic  
0
1
CNT0_CLK  
CNT0_OUT  
COUNTER  
0
CNT0_GATE  
10 MHz/10=  
MHz  
IRQ Control  
Logic  
1
4K Samples  
FIFO  
COUNTER  
1
10 MHz  
OSC  
COUNTER  
2
PACER_OUT  
EXT_TRG  
12-bit A/D  
Convertor  
A/D Trigger  
Logic  
AI0  
AI1  
+
Multiplexer  
16 S/E  
or  
PGIA  
-
Channel Scan Logic  
8
DIFF  
Gain Control RAM  
AI15  
Figure 1-1: PCI-1710/PCI-1710HG block diagram  
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PCI-1710 /1710HG User's Manual  
 
2
Installation  
 
2.1 Initial Inspection  
Before installing the PCI-1710/1710HG, check the card for visible  
damage. We have carefully inspected the card both mechanically and  
electrically before shipment. It should be free of marks and in perfect  
order upon receipt.  
As you unpack the PCI-1710/1710HG, check it for signs of shipping  
damage (damaged box, scratches, dents, etc.). If it is damaged or fails  
to meet specifications, notify our service department or your local  
sales representative immediately. Also, call the carrier immediately and  
retain the shipping carton and packing materials for inspection by the  
carrier. We will then make arrangements to repair or replace the unit.  
2.2 Unpacking  
The PCI-1710/1710HG contains components that are sensitive and  
vulnerable to static electricity. Discharge any static electricity on your  
body to ground by touching the back of the system unit (grounded  
metal) before you touch the board.  
Remove the PCI-1710/1710HG card from its protective packaging by  
grasping the card's rear panel. Handle the card only by its edges to  
avoid static discharge which could damage its integrated circuits.  
Keep the antistatic package. Whenever you remove the card from the  
PC, protect the card by storing it in this package.  
You should also avoid contact with materials that hold static electricity  
such as plastic, vinyl and styrofoam.  
Check the product contents inside the packing. There should be one  
card, one CD-ROM, and this manual. Make sure nothing is missing.  
10  
PCI-1751/1710HG User's Manual  
 
2.3 Installation Instructions  
The PCI-1710/1710HG can be installed in any PCI slot in the  
computer. However, refer to the computer user's manual to avoid any  
mistakes and danger before you follow the installation procedure  
below:  
1. Turn off your computer and any accessories connected to the  
computer.  
Warning! TURN OFF your computer power supply whenever  
you install or remove any card, or connect and  
disconnect cables.  
2. Disconnect the power cord and any other cables from the back of  
the computer.  
3. Remove the cover of the computer.  
4. Select an empty 5 V PCI slot. Remove the screw that secures the  
expansion slot cover to the system unit. Save the screw to secure  
the interface card retaining bracket.  
5. Carefully grasp the upper edge of the PCI-1710/1710HG. Align the  
hole in the retaining bracket with the hole on the expansion slot and  
align the gold striped edge connector with the expansion slot socket.  
Press the card into the socket gently but firmly. Make sure the card  
fits the slot tightly.  
6. Secure the PCI-1710/1710HG by screwing the mounting bracket to  
the back panel of the computer.  
7. Attach any accessories (68-pin cable, wiring terminal, etc.) to the  
card.  
8. Replace the cover of your computer. Connect the cables you  
removed in step 2.  
9. Turn the computer power on.  
Chapter 2 Installation  
11  
 
12  
PCI-1751/1710HG User's Manual  
 
3
Signal Connections  
 
3.1 Overview  
Correct signal connections are one of the most important factors in  
ensuring that your application system is sending and receiving data  
correctly. A good signal connection can avoid much unnecessary and  
costly damage to your valuable PC and other hardware devices. This  
chapter will provide some useful information about how to connect  
input and output signals to the PCI-1710/1710HG card via the I/O  
connector.  
3.2 I/O Connector  
The I/O connector for the PCI-1710/1710HG card has 68 pins that you  
can connect to 68-pin accessories with the PCL-10168 shielded cable.  
Note!  
The PCL-10168 shielded cable is specially designed  
for the PCI-1710/1710HG for reducing noise in the  
analog signal lines. Its wires are all twisted pairs,  
and the analog lines and digital lines are seperately  
shielded, providing minimal cross talk between  
signals and the best protection against EMI/EMC  
problems.  
Pin Assignment  
Figure 3-1 shows the pin assignments for the 68-pin I/O connector on  
the PCI-1710/1710HG card.  
14  
PCI-1710/1710HG User's Manual  
 
34  
33  
32  
31  
30  
29  
28  
27  
26  
25  
24  
23  
22  
21  
20  
19  
18  
17  
16  
15  
14  
13  
12  
11  
10  
9
AI0  
AI2  
AI4  
AI6  
AI8  
AI10  
AI12  
AI14  
68  
67  
66  
65  
64  
63  
62  
61  
60  
59  
58  
57  
56  
55  
54  
53  
52  
51  
50  
49  
48  
47  
46  
45  
44  
43  
42  
41  
40  
39  
38  
37  
36  
35  
AI1  
AI3  
AI5  
AI7  
AI9  
AI11  
AI13  
AI15  
AIGND  
DA1_REF  
DA1_OUT  
AOGND  
DI1  
DI3  
DI5  
DI7  
DI9  
DI11  
DI13  
DI15  
DGND  
DO1  
DO3  
DO5  
DO7  
DO9  
DO11  
DO13  
DO15  
DGND  
PACER_OUT  
TRG_GATE  
EXT_TRG  
+5V  
AIGND  
DA0_REF  
DA0_OUT  
AOGND  
DI0  
DI2  
DI4  
DI6  
DI8  
DI10  
DI12  
DI14  
DGND  
DO0  
DO2  
DO4  
DO6  
DO8  
DO10  
DO12  
DO14  
DGND  
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
CNT0_CLK  
CNT0_OUT  
CNT0_GATE  
+12V  
Figure 3-1: I/O connector pin assignments for the PCI-1710/1710 HG card  
Chapter 3 Signal Connections  
15  
 
I/O Connector Signal Descriptions  
Signal  
Name  
Reference Direction  
Description  
Analog Input Channels 0 through 15. Each  
channel pair, AI<i, i+1> (i = 0, 2, 4...14), can be  
configured as either two single-ended inputs or  
one differential input.  
AI<0…15>  
AIGND  
AIGND  
Input  
Analog Input Ground. These pins are the  
reference points for single-ended  
measurements and the bias current return point  
for differential measurement. The three ground  
references (AIGND, AOGND, and DGND) are  
connected together on the PCI-1710/1710HG  
card.  
-
-
Analog Output Channel 0 External  
DA0_ REF  
DA1_ REF  
AOGND  
AOGND  
Input  
Input  
Reference. This is the external reference input  
for the analog output channel 0 circuitry.  
Analog Output Channel 1 External  
Reference. This is the external reference input  
for the analog output channel 1circuitry.  
Analog Output Channel 0. This pin supplies  
the voltage output of analog output channel 0.  
DA0 _OUT  
DA1 _OUT  
AOGND  
AOGND  
Output  
Output  
Analog Output Channel 1. This pin supplies  
the voltage output of analog output channel 1.  
Analog Output Ground. The analog output  
voltages are referenced to these nodes. The  
three ground references (AIGND, AOGND, and  
DGND) are connected together on the PCI-  
1710/1710HG card.  
AOGND  
-
-
16  
PCI-1710/1710HG User's Manual  
 
I/O Connector Signal Descriptions (part II)  
Signal Name Reference Direction  
Description  
Digital Input signals  
DI<0..15>  
DGND  
DGND  
Input  
Digital Output signals  
DO<0..15>  
Output  
Digital Ground. This pin supplies the  
reference for the digital signals at the I/O  
connector as well as the +5VDC supply. The  
three ground references (AIGND, AOGND,  
and DGND) are connected together on the  
PCI-1710/1710HG card.  
DGND  
-
-
Counter 0 Clock Input. This pin is the  
external clock input of counter 0. The clock  
input of counter 0 can be either external (up  
to 10 MHz) or internal (100 kHz), as set by  
software.  
CNT0_ CLK  
DGND  
Input  
Counter 0 Output. This pin is the output of  
counter 0. See Appendix A for more detailed  
information.  
Counter 0 Gate Input. This pin is the gate  
control for counter 0. See Appendix A for  
more detailed information.  
CNT0 _OUT  
CNT0 _GATE  
DGND  
DGND  
Output  
Input  
Chapter 3 Signal Connections  
 
17  
I/O Connector Signal Descriptions (part III)  
Signal  
Name  
Reference Direction  
Description  
Pacer Clock Output - This pin pulses once for  
each pacer clock when turned on. If A/D  
conversion is in the pacer trigger mode, users  
can use this signal as a synchronous signal for  
other applications. A low-to-high edge triggers  
A/D conversion to start.  
PACER  
_OUT  
DGND  
Output  
A/D External Trigger Gate - This pin is  
external trigger signal input gate control. When  
TRG _GATE is connected to +5 V, it will enable  
the external trigger signal to input. When TRG  
_GATE is connected to DGND, it will disable  
the external trigger signal to input.  
TRG _GATE  
EXT _TRG  
DGND  
DGND  
Input  
Input  
A/D External Trigger - This pin is external  
trigger signal input for the A/D conversion. A  
low-to-high edge triggers A/D conversion to  
start.  
+12 VDC Source - This pin is +12V power  
supply.  
+12V  
+5V  
DGND  
DGND  
Output  
Output  
+5 VDC Source - This pin is +5 V power  
supply.  
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PCI-1710/1710HG User's Manual  
 
3.3 Analog Input Connections  
The PCI-1710/1710HG card supports either 16 single-ended or 8  
differential analog inputs. Input channel configuration is selected by  
software. Selection by software is more convenient than selection by  
a slide switch on the card. In the past, if you set one single-ended (or  
differential) input channel by switch, the other channels also would be  
single-ended (or differential). But on the PCI-1710/1710HG card, if you  
set one single-ended (or differential) input channel by software, the  
other channels will maintain their original configurations.  
Single-ended Channel Connections  
The single-ended input configuration has only one signal wire for each  
channel, and the measured voltage (Vm) is the voltage of the wire  
referred to the common ground.  
A signal source without a local ground is also called a “floating  
source”. It is fairly simple to connect a single-ended channel to a  
floating signal source. In this mode, the PCI-1710/1710HG card  
provides a reference ground for external floating signal sources.  
Figure 3-2 shows a single-ended channel connection between a  
floating signal source and an input channel on the PCI-1710/1710HG  
card.  
Chapter 3 Signal Connections  
19  
 
Internal  
External  
Figure 3-2: Single-ended input channel connection  
Differential Channel Connections  
The differential input configuration has two signal wires for each  
channel, and the differential input responds only to voltage differenc-  
es between High and Low inputs. On the PCI-1710/1710HG card, when  
all channels are configured to differential input, up to 8 analog  
channels are available.  
If one side of the signal source is connected to a local ground, the  
signal source is ground-referenced. The ground of the signal source  
and the ground of the PCI-1710/1710HG will not be at exactly the same  
voltage, as they are connected through the ground return of the  
equipment and building wiring. The difference between the ground  
voltages forms a common-mode voltage (Vcm).  
To avoid the ground loop noise effect caused by common-mode  
voltages, you can connect the signal ground to the Low input. Figure  
3-3 shows a differential channel connection between a ground-  
reference signal source and an input channel on the PCI-1710/1710HG  
20  
PCI-1710/1710HG User's Manual  
 
card. With this connection, the PGIA rejects a common-mode voltage  
Vcm between the signal source and the PCI-1710/1710HG ground,  
shown as Vcm in Figure 3-3.  
Internal  
External  
Figure 3-3: Differential input channel connection - ground reference signal source  
If a floating signal source is connected to the differential input  
channel, the signal source may exceed the common-mode signal range  
of the PGIA, and the PGIA will be saturated with erroneous voltage-  
readings. You must therefore reference the signal source to the  
AIGND.  
Figure 3-4 shows a differential channel connection between a floating  
signal source and an input channel on the PCI-1710/1710HG card. In  
this figure, each side of the floating signal source is connected  
through a resistor to the AIGND. This connection can reject the  
common-mode voltage between the signal source and the PCI-1710/  
1710HG card ground.  
Chapter 3 Signal Connections  
21  
 
Internal  
External  
r
a
r
b
Figure 3-4: Differential input channel connection - floating signal source  
However, this connection has the disadvantage of loading the source  
down with the series combination (sum) of the two resistors. For ra  
and rb, for example, if the input impedance rs is 1 k, and each of the  
two resistors is 100 k, then the resistors load down the signal source  
with 200 k(100 k+ 100 k), resulting in a –0.5% gain error. The  
following gives a simplified representation of the circuit and calculat-  
ing process.  
22  
PCI-1710/1710HG User's Manual  
 
3.4 Analog Output Connections  
The PCI-1710/1710HG card provides two D/A output channels,  
DA0_OUT and DA1_OUT. Users may use the PCI-1710/1710HG  
internally provided precision –5V (-10V) reference to generate 0 to +5 V  
(+10 V) D/A output range. Users also may create D/A output range  
through external references, DA0_REF and DA1_REF. The maximum  
reference input range is +/-10V. Connecting with an external reference  
of -7 V will generate 0 to +7 V DA output.  
Figure 3-5 shows how to make analog output and external reference  
input connections on the PCI-1710/1710HG card.  
Internal  
External  
-5V  
DA0_REF  
INT_REF  
-10V  
+
External Reference  
for DA signal 0  
DA0_OUT  
AOGND  
DA 0  
DA 1  
_
Load  
Load  
DATA BUS  
+
_
External Reference  
for DA signal 1  
DA1_OUT  
DA1_REF  
INT_REF  
I/O Connector  
Figure 3-5: Analog output connections  
Chapter 3 Signal Connections  
 
23  
3.5 Trigger Source Connections  
Internal Pacer Trigger Connection  
The PCI-1710/1710HG card includes one 82C54 compatible programma-  
ble timer/counter chip which provides three 16-bit counters connected  
to a 1 MHz clock, designated as Counter 0, Counter 1 and Counter 2.  
Counter 0 is an event counter for counting events coming from the  
input channels. Counter 1 and Counter 2 are cascaded to create a 32-  
bit timer for pacer triggering. A low-to-high edge from the Counter 2  
output (PACER_OUT) will trigger anA/D conversion on the PCI-1710/  
1710HG card. At the same time, you can also use this signal as a  
synchronous signal for other applications.  
External Trigger Source Connection  
In addition to pacer triggering, the PCI-1710/1710HG card also allows  
external triggering for A/D conversions. When a +5 V source is  
connected to TRG_GATE, the external trigger function is enabled. A  
low-to-high edge coming from EXT_TRG will trigger an A/D conver-  
sion on the PCI-1710/1710HG card. When DGND is connected to  
TRG_GATE, the external trigger function is disabled.  
24  
PCI-1710/1710HG User's Manual  
 
3.6 Field Wiring Considerations  
When you use the PCI-1710/1710HG card to acquire outside data,  
environmental noise can seriously affect the accuracy of your mea-  
surements if you don’t provide any protection. The following sugges-  
tions will be helpful when running signal wires between signal sources  
and the PCI-1710/1710HG card.  
• Please make sure that you have carefully routed signal cables to the  
card. You must separate the cabling from noise sources. Try to keep  
video monitors far away from the analog signal cables, because  
these are a common noise source in a PCI data acquisition system.  
• If you want to reduce common-mode noise, try to use differential  
analog input connections.  
• If you do not want your signals to be affected when travelling  
through areas with high electromagnetic interference or large  
magnetic fields, try the following routing techniques: Use  
individually shielded, twisted-pair wires to connect analog input  
signals to the board, i.e. the signals connected to the High and Low  
inputs are twisted together and covered with a shield. Finally,  
connect the shield only to one point at the signal source ground.  
• Make sure that your signal lines do not travel through conduits,  
because these may contain power lines. Also, keep your signals  
far from electric motors, breakers or welding equipment, as these  
can create magnetic fields.  
• Keep a reasonable distance between high-voltage (or high-current)  
lines and signal cables connected to the PCI-1710/1710HG card if the  
cables run parallel, or route signal cables at right angles to high  
voltage/current cables.  
• In addition to outside noise, the transmitted signals themselves  
can affect the card's performance. We suggest connecting signal  
sources to the card using the PCL-10168 shielded cable in order to  
avoid this kind of interference  
Chapter 3 Signal Connections  
25  
 
26  
PCI-1710/1710HG User's Manual  
 
4
Register Structure  
and Format  
 
4.1 Overview  
The PCI-1710/1710HG is delivered with an easy-to-use 32-bit DLL  
driver for user programming under the Windows 95/NT operating  
system. We advise users to program the PCI-1710/1710HG using the  
32-bit DLL driver provided by Advantech to avoid the complexity of  
low-level programming by register.  
The most important consideration in programming the PCI-1710/  
1710HG card at a register level is to understand the function of the  
cards registers. The information in the following sections is provided  
only for users who would like to do their own low-level programming.  
4.2 I/O Port Address Map  
The PCI-1710/1710HG card requires 32 consecutive addresses in the  
PCs I/O space. The address of each register is specified as an offset  
from the cards base address. For example, BASE+0 is the cards base  
address and BASE+7 is the base address plus seven bytes.  
Table 4-1 shows the function of each register or driver and its address  
relative to the cards base address.  
28  
PCI-1710/1710HG User's Manual  
 
Table 4-1: PCI-1710/1710HG register format (Part 1)  
Base  
Read  
Address  
+ decimal  
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Channel Number and A/D Data  
CH3  
AD7  
CH2  
AD6  
CH1  
AD5  
CH0  
AD4  
AD11 AD10  
AD3 AD2  
AD9  
AD1  
AD8  
AD0  
1
0
N/A  
3
2
N/A  
5
4
Status Register  
7
6
IRQ  
F/F  
F/H  
F/E  
CNT0 ONE/FH IRQEN GATE  
EXT PACER SW  
N/A  
9
8
N/A  
N/A  
11  
10  
13  
12  
Chapter 4 Register Structure and Format  
 
29  
Table 4-1: PCI-1710/1710HG register format (Part 2)  
Base  
Read  
Address  
+ decimal  
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
N/A  
15  
14  
Digital Input  
17  
16  
DI15  
DI7  
DI14  
DI6  
DI13  
DI5  
DI12  
DI4  
DI11  
DI3  
DI10  
DI2  
DI9  
DI1  
DI8  
DI0  
Counter 0  
25  
24  
D7  
D7  
D7  
D6  
D6  
D6  
D5  
D5  
D5  
D4  
D3  
D2  
D2  
D2  
D1  
D1  
D1  
D0  
D0  
D0  
Counter 1  
27  
26  
D4  
D3  
Counter 2  
29  
28  
D4  
D3  
N/A  
31  
30  
30  
PCI-1710/1710HG User's Manual  
 
Table 4-1: PCI-1710/1710HG register format (Part 3)  
Base  
Write  
Address  
+ decimal  
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Software A/D Trigger  
1
0
A/D Channel Range Setting  
3
2
S/D  
B/U  
G2  
G1  
G0  
MUX Control  
5
4
Stop channel  
Start channel  
Control Register  
7
6
CNT0 ONE/FH IRQEN GATE  
EXT PACER  
SW  
Clear Interrupt and FIFO  
clear FIFO  
9
8
clear interrupt  
D/A Output Channel 0  
11  
10  
DA11 DA10 DA9  
DA3 DA2  
D/A Output Channel 1  
DA11 DA10 DA9  
DA8  
DA7  
DA7  
DA6  
DA6  
DA5  
DA4  
DA1 DA0  
13  
12  
DA8  
DA5  
DA4  
DA3  
DA2  
DA1 DA0  
Chapter 4 Register Structure and Format  
 
31  
Table 4-1: PCI-1710/1710HG register format (Part 4)  
Base  
Write  
Address  
+ decimal  
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
D/A Reference Control  
15  
14  
DA1_I/E DA1_5/10 DA0_I/E DA0_5/10  
Digital Output  
DO15 DO14 DO13 DO12 DO11 DO10  
17  
16  
DO9  
DO1  
DO8  
DO0  
DO7  
DO6  
DO5  
DO4  
DO3  
DO2  
Counter 0  
25  
24  
D7  
D6  
D5  
D4  
D3  
D2  
D1  
D1  
D1  
D1  
D0  
D0  
D0  
D0  
Counter 1  
27  
26  
D7  
D6  
D5  
D4  
D3  
D2  
Counter 2  
29  
28  
D7  
D6  
D5  
D4  
D3  
D2  
Counter Control  
31  
30  
D7  
D6  
D5  
D4  
D3  
D2  
32  
PCI-1710/1710HG User's Manual  
 
4.3 Channel Number and A/D Data —  
BASE+0 and BASE+1  
These two bytes, BASE+0 and BASE+1, hold the result of A/D  
conversion data. The 12 bits of data from the A/D conversion are  
stored in BASE+1 bit 3 to bit 0 and BASE+0 bit 7 to bit 0. BASE+1  
bit 7 to bit 4 hold the source A/D channel number.  
Table 4-2: Register for channel number and A/D data  
Read  
Channel Number and A/D Data  
Bit #  
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
BASE+1 CH3 CH2 CH1 CH0 AD11 AD10 AD9 AD8  
BASE+0 AD7 AD6 AD5 AD4 AD3 AD2 AD1 AD0  
AD11 ~ AD0 Result of A/D Conversion  
AD0 is the least significant bit (LSB) of the A/D data, and AD11 is the  
most significant bit (MSB).  
CH3 ~ CH0 A/D Channel Number  
CH3 ~ CH0 hold the number of the A/D channel from which the data  
is received. CH3 is the MSB and CH0 is the LSB.  
4.4 Software A/D Trigger BASE+0  
You can trigger an A/D conversion by software, the cards on-board  
pacer or an external pulse. Bit 2 to bit 0 of register BASE+6 can  
select the trigger source (see page 39 and page 40 for the register  
layout of BASE+6 and programming information). If you select  
software triggering, a write to the register BASE+0 with any value will  
trigger an A/D conversion.  
Chapter 4 Register Structure and Format  
33  
 
4.5 A/D Channel Range Setting —  
BASE+2  
Each A/D channel has its own input range, controlled by a range code  
stored in the on-board RAM. If you want to change the range code  
for a given channel, select the channel as the start channel and the stop  
channel in the registers of BASE+4 and BASE+5 (described in the  
next section), and then write the range code to BASE+2 bit 0 to bit 2  
and bit 4.  
Table 4-3: Register for A/D channel range setting  
Write  
Bit #  
A/D channel range setting  
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
BASE+2  
S/D  
B/U  
G2  
G1  
G0  
S/D Single-ended or Differential  
0 means the channel is single-ended, and 1 means it is differential.  
B/U Bipolar or Unipolar  
0 means the channel is bipolar, and 1 means it is unipolar.  
G2 to G0 Gain Code  
34  
PCI-1710/1710HG User's Manual  
 
The following table lists the gain codes for the PCI-1710:  
Table 4-4: Gain codes for the PCI-1710  
PCI-1710  
Gain Code  
Gain  
Input Range(V)  
B/U  
G2  
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
G1  
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
G0  
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
2
-5 to +5  
-2.5 to +2.5  
-1.25 to +1.25  
-0.625 to +0.625  
-10 to 10  
N/A  
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
8
0.5  
N/A  
N/A  
1
2
4
8
0 to 10  
0 to 5  
0 to 2.5  
0 to 1.25  
N/A  
N/A  
N/A  
N/A  
Chapter 4 Register Structure and Format  
 
35  
The following lists the gain codes for the PCI-1710HG:  
Table 4-5: Gain codes for the PCI-1710HG  
PCI-1710HG  
Gain Code  
Gain  
Input Range(V)  
B/U  
G2  
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
G1  
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
G0  
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
-5 to +5  
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
10  
-0.5 to +0.5  
-0.05 to +0.05  
100  
1000 -0.005 to +0.005  
0.5  
5
-10 to +10  
-1 to +1  
-0.1 to +0.1  
-0.01 to +0.01  
0 to 10  
0 to 1  
50  
500  
1
10  
100  
1000  
0 to 0.1  
0 to 0.01  
N/A  
N/A  
N/A  
N/A  
36  
PCI-1710/1710HG User's Manual  
 
4.6 MUX Control—BASE+4 and BASE+5  
Table 4.6: The register for multiplexer control  
Write  
Bit #  
MUX Control  
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
BASE+5  
BASE+4  
CH3  
CL3  
CH2  
CL2  
CH1  
CL1  
CH0  
CL0  
CL3 ~ CL0 Start Scan Channel Number  
CH3 ~ CH0 Stop Scan Channel Number  
BASE+4 bit 3 to bit 0, CL3 ~ CL0, act as a pointer when you program  
the A/D channel setting (see previous section). When you set the  
MUX start channel to an analog input channel, AIn ( n = 0, 1, 2…15 ),  
the gain code, B/U and S/D written to the register of BASE+2, is for  
channel n.  
Caution! We recommend you set the same start and stop  
channel when writing to the register BASE+2.  
Otherwise, if the A/D trigger source is on, the  
multiplexer will continuously scan between channels  
and the range setting may be set to an unexpected  
channel. Make sure the A/D trigger source is turned  
off to avoid this kind of error.  
The write-only registers of BASE +4 and BASE+5 control how the  
multiplexers (MUXs) scan. BASE+4 bit 3 to bit 0, CL3 ~ CL0, hold  
the start scan channel number, and BASE+5 bit 3 to bit 0, CH3 ~ CH0,  
hold the stop scan channel number. Writing to these two registers  
automatically initializes the scan range of the MUXs. Each A/D  
conversion trigger also sets the MUXs to the next channel. With  
continuous triggering, the MUXs will scan from the start channel to  
Chapter 4 Register Structure and Format  
37  
 
the stop channel and then repeat. The following examples show the  
scan sequences of the MUXs (all channels are set as single-ended).  
Example 1  
If the start scan input channel is AI3 and the stop  
scan input channel is AI7, then the scan sequence is AI3, AI4, AI5,  
AI6, AI7, AI3, AI4, AI5, AI6, AI7, AI3, AI4…  
Example 2  
If the start scan channel is AI13 and the stop  
scan channel is AI2, then the scan sequence is AI13, AI14, AI15, AI0,  
AI1, AI2, AI13, AI14, AI15, AI0, AI1, AI2, AI13, AI14…  
The scan logic of the PCI-1710/1710HG card is powerful and easily  
understood. You can set the gain code, B/U and S/D, for each channel.  
The scan logic will be a little complex if you set the analog input  
channels in differential mode, however. In differential mode, signals  
are transmitted by a pair of channels, AI<i, i+1> ( i = 0, 2, 4…  
14) . In each pair of differential channels, the even channel is the  
positive end and the odd one is the negative end.  
For example, if channel 0 is set as differential, then channel 0 and  
channel 1 are combined into one channel and refer to the gain code  
and B/U of channel 0 (the channel 1 values are unavailable). By the  
same rule, if channel 2 is set as differential, then channel 2 and channel  
3 are combined into one channel, and refer to the gain code and B/U of  
channel 2 (the channel 3 values are unavailable). The following  
examples show the scan sequences in differential mode.  
Example 3  
Suppose that the start scan input channel is AI14  
and the stop scan input channel is AI3. If AI14 is differential, AI0 and  
AI1 are single-ended, and AI2 is differential, then the scan sequence is  
AI14, AI0, AI1, AI2, AI14, AI0, AI1, AI2, AI14…..  
Example 4  
Suppose that the start scan channel is AI11 and  
the stop scan channel is AI15. If AI11 is single-ended, AI12 is  
38  
PCI-1710/1710HG User's Manual  
 
differential, and AI14 is differential, then the scan sequence is AI11,  
AI12, AI14, AI11, AI12, AI14, AI11…  
Warning! Only even channels can be set as differential. An  
odd channel will become unavailable if its preceding  
channel is set as differential.  
4.7 Control Register — BASE+6  
The write-only register BASE+6 allows users to set an A/D trigger  
source and an interrupt source.  
Table 4-7: Control register  
Write  
Bit #  
Control Register  
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
BASE + 6  
CNT0 ONE/FH IRQEN GATE  
EXT PACER SW  
SW Software trigger enable bit  
Set 1 to enable software trigger, and set 0 to disable.  
PACER PACER trigger enable bit  
Set 1 to enable pacer trigger, and set 0 to disable.  
EXT External trigger enable bit  
Set 1 to enable external trigger, and set 0 to disable.  
Note!  
Users cannot enable SW, PACER and EXT  
concurrently.  
Chapter 4 Register Structure and Format  
39  
 
GATE External trigger gate function enable bit  
Set 1 to enable external trigger gate function, and set 0 to disable.  
IRQEN Interrupt enable bit  
Set 1 to enable interrupt, and set 0 to disable.  
ONE/FH Interrupt source bit  
Set 0 to interrupt when an A/D conversion occurs, and set 1 to  
interrupt when the FIFO is half full.  
CNT0 Counter 0 clock source select bit  
0 means that the clock source of Counter 0 comes from the internal  
clock (100 kHz), and 1 means that the clock source of Counter 0  
comes from the external clock (maximum up to 10 MHz).  
4.8 Status Register — BASE+6 and  
BASE+7  
The registers of BASE+6 and BASE+7 provide information for the A/  
D configuration and operation.  
Table 4-8: Status register  
Read  
Bit #  
Status Register  
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
BASE+7  
BASE+6  
IRQ  
F/F  
F/H  
F/E  
CNT0 ONE/FH IRQEN GATE  
EXT PACER SW  
The content of the status register of BASE+6 is the same as that of the  
control register.  
F/E FIFO Empty flag  
This bit indicates whether the FIFO is empty. 1 means that the FIFO is  
empty.  
40  
PCI-1710/1710HG User's Manual  
 
F/H FIFO Half-full flag  
This bit indicates whether the FIFO is half-full. 1 means that the FIFO  
is half-full.  
F/F FIFO Full flag  
This bit indicates whether the FIFO is full. 1 means that the FIFO is  
full.  
IRQ Interrupt flag  
This bit indicates the interrupt status. 1 means that an interrupt has  
occurred.  
4.9 Clear Interrupt and FIFO — BASE+8  
and BASE+9  
Writing data to either of these two bytes clears the interrupt or the  
FIFO.  
Table 4-9: Registers to clear interrupt and FIFO  
Write  
Bit #  
Clear Interrupt and FIFO  
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
BASE+9  
BASE+8  
Clear FIFO  
Clear Interrupt  
Chapter 4 Register Structure and Format  
 
41  
4.10 D/A Output Channel 0 — BASE+10  
and BASE+11  
The write-only registers of BASE+10 and BASE+11 accept data for  
D/A Channel 0 output.  
Table 4-10: Registers for D/A channel 0 data  
Write  
Bit #  
D/A Output Channel  
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
BASE+11  
BASE+10  
DA11 DA10  
DA3 DA2  
DA9  
DA1  
DA8  
DA0  
DA7  
DA6  
DA5  
DA4  
DA11 ~ DA0 Digital to Analog data  
DA0 is the LSB and DA11 is the MSB of the D/A data.  
4.11 D/A Output Channel 1 — BASE+12  
and BASE+13  
The write-only registers of BASE+12 and BASE+13 accept data for  
the D/A channel 1 output.  
Table 5-11: Registers for D/A channel 1 data  
Write  
Bit #  
D/A Output Channel  
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
BASE+13  
BASE+12  
DA11 DA10  
DA3 DA2  
DA9  
DA1  
DA8  
DA0  
DA7  
DA6  
DA5  
DA4  
DA11 ~ DA0 Digital to Analog data  
DA0 is the LSB and DA11 is the MSB of the D/A data.  
42  
PCI-1710/1710HG User's Manual  
 
4.12 D/A Reference Control —  
BASE+14  
The write-only register of BASE+14 allows users to set the D/A  
reference source.  
Table 4-12: Registers for D/A reference control  
Write  
Bit #  
D/A Reference Control  
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
BASE+14  
DA1_I/E DA1_5/10 DA0_I/E DA0_5/10  
DA0_5/10 The internal reference voltage for the D/A output  
channel 0  
This bit controls the internal reference voltage for the D/A output  
channel 0. 0 means that the internal reference voltage is 5 V, and 1  
means it is 10 V.  
DA0_I/E Internal or external reference voltage for the D/A output  
channel 0  
This bit indicates that the reference voltage for the D/A output channel  
0 is internal or external. 0 means that the reference voltage comes  
from the internal source, and 1 means it comes from an external  
source.  
DA1_5/10 The internal reference voltage for the D/A output  
channel 1  
This bit controls the internal reference voltage for the D/A output  
channel 1. 0 means that the internal reference voltage is 5 V, and 1  
means it is 10 V.  
DA1_I/E Internal or external reference voltage for the D/A output  
channel 1  
This bit indicates that the reference voltage for the D/A output channel  
1 is internal or external. 0 means that the reference voltage comes  
from the internal source, and 1 means it comes from an external  
source.  
Chapter 4 Register Structure and Format  
43  
 
4.13 Digital I/O Registers — BASE+16  
and BASE+17  
The PCI-1710/1710HG card offers 16 digital input channels and 16  
digital output channels. These I/O channels use the input and output  
ports at addresses BASE+16 and BASE+17.  
Table 4-13: Register for digital input  
Read  
Bit #  
Digital Input  
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
BASE+17  
BASE+16  
DI15  
DI7  
DI14  
DI6  
DI13  
DI5  
DI12  
DI4  
DI11  
DI3  
DI10  
DI2  
DI9  
DI1  
DI8  
DI0  
Table 4-14: Register for digital output  
Write  
Digital Output  
Bit #  
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
BASE+17 DO15 DO14 DO13 DO12 DO11 DO10  
DO9  
DO1  
DO8  
DO0  
BASE+16  
DO7  
DO6  
DO5  
DO4  
DO3  
DO2  
Note!  
The default configuration of the digital output chan-  
nels is a logic 0.This avoids damaging external  
devices during system start-up or reset since the  
power on status is set to the default value.  
4.14 Programmable Timer/Counter  
Registers — BASE+24, BASE+26,  
BASE+28 and BASE+30  
The four registers of BASE+24, BASE+26, BASE+28 and BASE+30  
are used for the 82C54 programmable timer/counter. Please refer to  
Appendix A data sheets for detailed application information.  
Note!  
Users have to use a 16-bit (word) command to read/  
write each register.  
44  
PCI-1710/1710HG User's Manual  
 
5
Calibration  
 
5.1 Introduction  
Regular calibration checks are important to maintain accuracy in data  
acquisition and control applications. We provide two calibration  
programs, ADCAL.EXE and DACAL.EXE, on the PCI-1710/1710HG  
software CD-ROM. ADCAL.EXE assists you in A/D calibration, and  
DACAL.EXE in D/A calibration.  
The ADCAL.EXE and DACAL.EXE make calibrations easy. It leads  
you through the calibration and setup procedure with a variety of  
prompts and graphic displays, showing you all of the correct settings  
and adjustments. This appendix offers a brief guide to these  
calibration programs.  
To perform a satisfactory calibration, you need a 41/2-digit digital  
multimeter and a voltage calibrator or a stable, noise free D. C. voltage  
source.  
5.2 VR Assignment  
There are five variable resistors (VRs) on the PCL-1710/1710HG  
card. They help you to make accurate adjustments on all A/D and D/A  
channels. Please refer to the following figure for VR position.  
VR 4  
VR 5  
VR 1  
VR 2  
VR 3  
P1  
Figure 5-1: PCL-1710/1710HG VR assignment  
46  
PCI-1710/1710HG User's Manual  
 
The following list shows the function of each VR:  
VR  
Function  
VR1  
A/D unipolar offset  
VR2  
VR3  
VR4  
VR5  
A/D bipolar offset  
A/D full scale (gain)  
D/A channel 0 full scale  
D/A channel 1 full scale  
5.3 A/D Calibration  
Regular and accurate calibration procedures ensure the maximum  
possible accuracy. The ADCAL.EXE calibration program leads you  
through the whole A/D offset and gain adjustment procedure. The  
basic steps are outlined below:  
1. Set analog input channel AI0 as single-ended, bipolar, range ±5 V,  
and set AI1 as single-ended, unipolar, range 0 to 10 V.  
2. Connect a DC voltage source with value equal to 0.5 LSB  
(-4.9959 V) to AI0.  
3. Adjust VR2 until the output codes from the card's AI0 flickers  
between 0 and 1.  
4. Connect a DC voltage source with a value of 4094.5 LSB (4.9953  
V) to AI0.  
5. Adjust VR3 until the output codes from the card's AI0 flickers  
between 4094 and 4095.  
6. Repeat step 2 to step 5, adjusting VR2 and VR3.  
7. Connect a DC voltage source with value equal to 0.5 LSB (1.22  
mV) to AI1.  
8. Adjust VR1 until the output codes from the card's AI1 flickers  
between 0 and 1.  
Chapter 5 Calibration 47  
 
A/D code  
Mapping Voltage  
Hex.  
Dec.  
0
Bipolar ± 5V  
Unipolar 0 to 10V  
0V  
000h  
7FFh  
800h  
FFFh  
-4.9971V  
-0.0024V  
0V  
2047  
2048  
4095  
4.9947V  
4.9971V  
+4.9947V  
9.9918V  
5.4 D/A Calibration  
In a way similar to the ADCAL.EXE program, the DACAL.EXE  
program leads you through the whole D/A calibration procedure.  
You can either use the on-board -5 V (-10 V) internal reference  
voltage or use an external reference. If you use an external reference,  
connect a reference voltage within the range ±10 V to the reference  
input of the D/A output channel you want to calibrate. Adjust the full  
scale (gain) of D/A channel 0 and 1, with VR4 and VR5 respectively.  
Note!  
Using a precision voltmeter to calibrate the D/A  
outputs is recommended.  
Set the D/A data register to 4095 and adjust VR3 until the D/A output  
voltage equals the reference voltage minus 1 LSB, but with the  
opposite sign. For example, if Vref is -5 V, then Vout should be +4.9959  
V. If Vref is -10 V, Vout should be +9.9918 V.  
48  
PCI-1710/1710HG User's Manual  
 
5.5 Self A/D Calibration  
Under many conditions, it is difficult to find a good enough DC  
voltage source for A/D calibration. There is a simple method to solve  
this problem. First, you should calibrate D/A channel 0, DA0_OUT,  
with internal reference -5 V, and D/A channel 1, DA1_OUT, with  
reference -10 V.  
Then, run the ADCAL.EXE program to finish the self-A/D calibration  
procedure.  
1. Set AI0 as differential, bipolar, range ±5 V and AI2 as differential,  
unipolar, range 0 to 10 V.  
2. Connect DA0_OUT with codes equal to 4095 LSB (4.9959 V) to  
AI 0. Notice that the polarity of AI0 should be connected with  
reverse polarity (i.e. D/A + to A/D -, D/A - to A/D +).  
3. Adjust VR2 until the output codes from the card's AI0 flicker  
between 0 and 1.  
4. Connect DA0_OUT with codes equal to 4095 LSB (4.9959 V) to  
AI0.  
5. Adjust VR3 until the output codes from the card's AI0 flickers  
between 4094 and 4095.  
6. Repeat steps 2 through 5, adjusting VR2 and VR3.  
7. Connect DA1_OUT with codes equal to 1 LSB (2.44 mV) to AI2.  
8. Adjust VR1 until the output codes from the card's AI1 flicker  
between 0 and 1.  
9. Finish ADCAL.EXE.  
Chapter 5 Calibration 49  
 
50  
PCI-1710/1710HG User's Manual  
 
A
82C54 Counter Chip  
Functions  
 
A.1 The Intel 82C54  
The PCI-1710/1710HG uses one Intel 82C54 compatible programma-  
ble interval timer/counter chip. The popular 82C54 offers three  
independent 16-bit counters, counter 0, counter 1 and counter 2. Each  
counter has a clock input, control gate and an output. You can  
program each counter for maximum count values from 2 to 65535.  
The 82C54 has a maximum input clock frequency of 1 MHz. The  
PCI-1710/1710HG provides 1 MHz input frequencies to the counter  
chip from an on-board crystal oscillator.  
Counter 0  
On the PCI-1710/1710HG, counter 0 can be a 16-bit timer or an event  
counter, selectable by users. When the clock source is set as an  
internal source, counter 0 is a 16-bit timer; when set as an external  
source, then counter 0 is an event counter and the clock source comes  
from CNT0_CLK. The counter is controlled by CNT0_GATE. When  
CNT0_GATE input is high, counter 0 will begin to count.  
Counter 1 & 2  
Counter 1 and counter 2 of the counter chip are cascaded to create a  
32-bit timer for the pacer trigger. A low-to-high edge of counter 2  
output (PACER_OUT) will trigger an A/D conversion. At the same  
time, you can use this signal as a synchronous signal for other  
applications.  
52  
PCI-1750 User's Manual  
 
A.2 Counter Read/Write and  
Control Registers  
The 82C54 programmable interval timer uses four registers at  
addresses BASE + 24(Dec), BASE + 26(Dec), BASE + 28(Dec) and  
BASE + 30(Dec) for read, write and control of counter functions.  
Register functions appear below:  
Register  
Function  
BASE + 24(Dec) Counter 0 read/write  
BASE + 26(Dec) Counter 1 read/write  
BASE + 28(Dec) Counter 2 read/write  
BASE + 30(Dec) Counter control word  
Since the 82C54 counter uses a 16-bit structure, each section of  
read/write data is split into a least significant byte (LSB) and most  
significant byte (MSB). To avoid errors it is important that you make  
read/write operations in pairs and keep track of the byte order.  
The data format for the control register appears below:  
BASE+30(Dec) 82C54 control, standard mode  
Bit  
D7  
D6  
D5  
D4  
D3  
D2  
D1  
D0  
Value  
SC1 SC0 RW1 RW0 M2  
M1  
M0  
BCD  
Description:  
SC1 & SC0 Select counter.  
Counter  
0
1
SC1  
0
SC0  
0
0
1
2
1
1
0
1
Read-back command  
Appendix A 8524 Counter Chip Functions 53  
 
RW1 & RW0  
Select read/write operation  
Operation  
RW1  
RW0  
Counter latch  
0
0
Read/write LSB  
Read/write MSB  
0
1
1
1
0
1
Read/write LSB first,  
then MSB  
M2, M1 & M0  
Select operating mode  
M2  
M1  
M0  
Mode  
Description  
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
Stop on terminal count  
0
X
X
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
2
3
4
5
Programmable one shot  
Rate generator  
Square wave rate generator  
Software triggered strobe  
Hardware triggered strobe  
BCD  
Select binary or BCD counting.  
BCD Type  
0
1
Binary counting 16-bits  
Binary coded decimal (BCD) counting  
If you set the module for binary counting, the count can be any  
number from 0 up to 65535. If you set it for BCD (Binary Coded  
Decimal) counting, the count can be any number from 0 to 9999.  
If you set both SC1 and SC0 bits to 1, the counter control register is in  
read-back command mode. The control register data format then  
54  
PCI-1750 User's Manual  
 
becomes:  
BASE + 30(Dec) 82C54 control, read-back mode  
Bit  
D7  
1
D6  
1
D5  
D4  
D3  
D2  
C1  
D1  
C0  
D0  
X
Value  
CNT STA C2  
CNT = 0  
STA = 0  
Latch count of selected counter(s).  
Latch status of selected counter(s).  
C2, C1 & C0 Select counter for a read-back operation.  
C2 = 1 select Counter 2  
C1 = 1 select Counter 1  
C0 = 1 select Counter 0  
If you set both SC1 and SC0 to 1 and STA to 0, the register selected  
by C2 to C0 contains a byte which shows the status of the counter.  
The data format of the counter read/write register then becomes:  
BASE+24/26/28(Dec) Status read-back mode  
Bit  
D7  
D6  
D5  
D4  
D3  
D2  
D1  
D0  
Value  
OUT NC  
RW1 RW0 M2  
M1  
M0  
BCD  
OUT  
NC  
Current state of counter output  
Null count is 1 when the last count written to the counter  
register has been loaded into the counting element  
Appendix A 8524 Counter Chip Functions 55  
 
A.3 Counter Operating Modes  
MODE 0 – Stop on Terminal Count  
The output will initially be low after you set this mode of operation.  
After you load the count into the selected count register, the output  
will remain low and the counter will count. When the counter reaches  
the terminal count, its output will go high and remain high until you  
reload it with the mode or a new count value. The counter continues  
to decrement after it reaches the terminal count. Rewriting a counter  
register during counting has the following results:  
1. Writing to the first byte stops the current counting.  
2. Writing to the second byte starts the new count.  
MODE 1 – Programmable One-shot Pulse  
The output is initially high. The output will go low on the count  
following the rising edge of the gate input. It will then go high on the  
terminal count. If you load a new count value while the output is low,  
the new value will not affect the duration of the one-shot pulse until  
the succeeding trigger. You can read the current count at any time  
without affecting the one-shot pulse. The one-shot is retriggerable,  
thus the output will remain low for the full count after any rising edge  
at the gate input.  
MODE 2 – Rate Generator  
The output will be low for one period of the input clock. The period  
from one output pulse to the next equals the number of input counts in  
the counter register. If you reload the counter register between output  
pulses, the present period will not be affected, but the subsequent  
period will reflect the value.  
56  
PCI-1750 User's Manual  
 
The gate input, when low, will force the output high. When the gate  
input goes high, the counter will start from the initial count. You can  
thus use the gate input to synchronize the counter.  
With this mode the output will remain high until you load the count  
register. You can also synchronize the output by software.  
MODE 3 – Square Wave Generator  
This mode is similar to Mode 2, except that the output will remain  
high until one half of the count has been completed (for even num-  
bers), and will go low for the other half of the count. This is accom-  
plished by decreasing the counter by two on the falling edge of each  
clock pulse. When the counter reaches the terminal count, the state of  
the output is changed, the counter is reloaded with the full count and  
the whole process is repeated.  
If the count is odd and the output is high, the first clock pulse (after  
the count is loaded ) decrements the count by 1. Subsequent clock  
pulses decrement the count by 2. After time-out, the output goes low  
and the full count is reloaded. The first clock pulse (following the  
reload) decrements the counter by 3. Subsequent clock pulses decre-  
ment the count by two until time-out, then the whole process is  
repeated. In this way, if the count is odd, the output will be high for  
(N+1)/2 counts and low for (N-1)/2 counts.  
MODE 4 –Software-Triggered Strobe  
After the mode is set, the output will be high. When the count is  
loaded, the counter will begin counting. On terminal count, the output  
will go low for one input clock period then go high again.  
If you reload the count register during counting, the new count will be  
loaded on the next CLK pulse. The count will be inhibited while the  
GATE input is low.  
MODE 5 – Hardware-Triggered Strobe  
The counter will start counting after the rising edge of the trigger  
input and will go low for one clock period when the terminal count is  
reached. The counter is retriggerable.  
Appendix A 8524 Counter Chip Functions 57  
 
A.4 Counter Operations  
Read/Write Operation  
Before you write the initial count to each counter, you must first  
specify the read/write operation type, operating mode and counter  
type in the control byte and write the control byte to the control  
register [BASE + 30(Dec)].  
Since the control byte register and all three counter read/write  
registers have separate addresses and each control byte specifies the  
counter it applies to (by SC1 and SC0), no instructions on the operat-  
ing sequence are required. Any programming sequence following the  
82C54 convention is acceptable.  
There are three types of counter operation: Read/load LSB, read /load  
MSB and read /load LSB followed by MSB. It is important that you  
make your read/write operations in pairs and keep track of the byte  
order.  
Counter Read-back Command  
The 82C54 counter read-back command lets you check the count  
value, programmed mode and current states of the OUT pin and Null  
Count flag of the selected counter(s). You write this command to the  
control word register. Format is as shown at the beginning of this  
section.  
The read-back command can latch multiple counter output latches.  
Simply set the CNT bit to 0 and select the desired counter(s). This  
single command is functionally equivalent to multiple counter latch  
commands, one for each counter latched.  
The read-back command can also latch status information for selected  
counter(s) by setting STA bit = 0. The status must be latched to be  
read; the status of a counter is accessed by a read from that counter.  
The counter status format appears at the beginning of the chapter.  
58  
PCI-1750 User's Manual  
 
Counter Latch Operation  
Users often want to read the value of a counter without disturbing the  
count in progress. You do this by latching the count value for the  
specific counter then reading the value.  
The 82C54 supports the counter latch operation in two ways. The first  
way is to set bits RW1 and RW0 to 0. This latches the count of the  
selected counter in a 16-bit hold register. The second way is to  
perform a latch operation under the read-back command. Set bits SC1  
and SC0 to 1 and CNT = 0. The second method has the advantage of  
operating several counters at the same time. A subsequent read  
operation on the selected counter will retrieve the latched value.  
Appendix A 8524 Counter Chip Functions 59  
 
60  
PCI-1750 User's Manual  
 

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